Refractory brick having oblique surface

ABSTRACT

Bottom and wall refractory bricks for steel casting ladles are shaped to minimize penetration of slag into the lining formed by courses of the refractory bricks to prolong the life of the refractory bricks and to improve performance and lessen maintenance. The bricks have an oblique tilted midpart and end equal right parallelepipedal top and bottom socles or end surfaces. The long side of each brick is double the short side.

I United States Patent 1151 3,6 Mare 1451 Jan. 18, 1972 [541 REFRACTORYBRICK HAVING 2,970,218 1/1961 Shaw ..52/ss9 x OBLIQUE SURFACE 3,396,5048/1968 De Olivei'ra... ..52/608 X 3,418,774 12/1968 Kocher e11 a1.52/608 X Inventor: Arrigo Mare, Via Pom degli Archi N3, 3,472,03110/1969 KelSO 52/608 x Gen a, Italy 3,495,369 2/1970 Laroche ..52/608[22] Filed: Feb. 29 1968 3,508,367 4/1970 Niebylski ..S2/608 X [21 ApplNo: 709,488 FOREIGN PATENTS 0R APPLICATIONS 1,022,014 3/1966 GreatBritain ..266/43 [52] U.S.Cl ..266/43 51 1 1111. C1 ..C2lb 7/06, c2119/06, c216 5/44 7 Ass1sIanIExammer-John E. Roethel [58] Field of Search..266/43, 52/589, 593, 608, Aname M Boesen 57 ABSTRACT [56] ReferencesCited Bottom and wall refractory bricks for steel casting ladles areUNITED STATES PATENTS shaped to minimize penetration of slag into thelining form ed by courses of the refractory bricks to prolong the lifeof the 323'876 8/1885 s at al 2 refractory bricks and to improveperformance and lessen 1295796 2/1919 ens I maintenance. The bricks havean oblique tilted midpart and 1,382,652 6/1921 Krefer ..s2/593 x endequal right parallelepipeda] top and bottom Socles or end 1171018334/1929 M'rabella et "52/593 surfaces. The long side ofeach brick isdouble the short side. 2,509,029 5/1950 Antill ...263/46 X 1 2,932,7454/1960 Alberti et a1 ..52/608 X 4 Claims, 40 Drawilng Figures \l /AL\\\\PATEMEU mu we $635,459

SHEET 2 OF 3 INVENTOR. 4 64/ REFRACTORY BRICK HAVING UBLIQUE SURFACE Thesteel casting ladles are provided on their whole inner bottom and wallsurface with a refractory lining which contacts the melted metal.Usually this lining consists of refractory bricks, having flat surfaces,cemented one to another by means of refractory cement.

The ladle bottom must be cleaned from the tapping slags after everysteel casting and this is a very delicate operation, as during thecasting the material can sink more or less deeply into the brickinterstices and the slag removal can cause also the refractory liningdestruction owing to the removal of the bricks fixed one to the otheronly by refractory cement. The ladle bottom is particularly damagedbecause on it there is the tapping slag storage and the cleaningoperations are per formed upside down.

The present invention reduces or better eliminates the above mentionedinconvenience, as it provides the ladle lining with refractory bricksparticularly suitable to minimize the slag seepage into the intersticesand to make the brick junction stable as not it is not only performed bythe interlaying refractory cement, but it is also and above all due tothe brick faying surfaces so that one of them after the erection cannotbe removed from its position and therefore it cannot be removed with theslags.

Schematically some types of refractory bricks, constituting the objectof the present invention, and the instructions about their erection areillustrated in the enclosed drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows a ladle bottom refractory brick in the positions:

a. long side view;

b. short side view;

c. top view;

FIG. 2 shows a right and left bottom edging refractory brick in thepositions (a) (b) (c) as in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 shows another type of right and left bottom edging refractorybrick in the positions (a) (b) (c) as in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows another type of right and left bottom edging refractorybrick in the positions (a) (b) (c) as in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 shows a central ladle bottom refractory brick in the positions(a) (b) (c) as in FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 shows a possible arrangement of the bottom refractory bricks asin FIG. 1 according to section A-A of the following FIG. 8;

FIG. 7 shows another possible arrangement of the bottom refractorybricks as in FIG. 1 according to section B-B of the following FIG. 8;

FIG. 8 shows the top view of a possible bottom refractory brickarrangement;

FIG. 9 shows the section of a ladle wall refractory lining;

FIG. 10 shows a refractory brick in the wall first lower courses as perG in FIG. 9, in the positions:

a. side view transversal to the lining;

b. top view;

c. side view parallel to the lining (from the outside of the ladle);

FIG. 11 shows a wall refractory brick of the upper courses H in thepositions (a) (b) (c) as in H6 10.

FIG. 12 shows another type of bottom brick with S-shaped faying surfacesin the positions (a) (b) (c) as in FIG. 1;

FIG. 13 shows another type of V-shaped bottom brick in the positions (a)(b) (c) as in FIG. 1;

FIG 14 shows another C-shaped bottom brick in the positions (a) (b) (c)asin H6. 1;

FIG. 15 shows another double S-shaped bottom brick in the positions (a)(b) (c) as in FIG. 1;

FIG. 16 shows another double C-shaped bottom brick in the positions(a)(b) (c) as in FIG. 1.

Thus, FIGS. ll5 illustrate bricks having upper and lower socles, whichare suitable for use as bottom bricks; FIGS. 6-8 show a bottom brickarrangement; FIGS. 10 and 11 show wall bricks; FIGS. 1246 show analternative form of bottom bricks; and FIG. 9 shows a ladle wall liningmade up of Section F composed of bottom bricks and sections G and Hcomposed of wall bricks. In FIG. 1 the bottom refractory brickssubstantially consist of two equal rectangular and parallelepipedalsocles (upper socle 1 and lower socle 2); between them there is theoblique parallelpepipedal suitably tilted midpart 3. Another feature isthat the horizontal longer side of the socles is the double of theshorter side. Therefore against the long face of a brick there may bearranged either the long face of another brick or the short faces of twobricks. In FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 showing edging bricks, being the brickfeatures of FIG. 1 equal, they vary and show one or two vertical sidesurfaces, while the remaining two or three are oblique. Of course theoblique tilted surfaces will match with the surfaces of the bricks inFIG. I while the vertical ones will appear as bottom external edging.

FIG. 5 illustrates a central refractory brick that is-the brick that,arranged in the center of the ladlle, enables the bottom buildingtowards the outside with any order as to the bricks as in FIG. I;

The bottom brick arrangement may follow any order and any establishedconfiguration. For example from the central brick it is possible toextend forming a cross and then complete the quarters with the bricksillustrated in FIG. 1 indifierently arranged side by side either withthe long side or the short one; or it is possible to avoid the centralbrick and start building the bottom either from the center or a sidealways arranging the bricks adjacent with. the long or short side.

FIG. 8 illustrates, in a way of example the top view of a ladle bottompart where the bricks are arranged in both directions; of the same FIG.8, in FIGS. 6 and 7 there are illustrated the sections A--A and 8-8.

FIG. 9 illustrates, as mentioned above, a ladle vertical section, inwhich F refers to the bottom, G to the wall brick lower courses and H tothe upper courses.

Courses G are realized with the bricks shown in FIG. 10 presenting thesuitably bent surfaces 4 for the vertical reciprocal matching and bentsurfaces 5 for the horizontal reciprocal matching, while surfaces 6forming the ladle outside and inside walls are flat.

In the first course bricks G show the lower flat surface 4 as shown byshort dashes line L in order to enable their laying on the bottom bedthat is fiat.

Above brick courses G there are arranged brick courses H illustrated inFIG. 11 similar to the: preceding ones, but presenting an inferiorthickness.

Eventually above courses H there can be arranged a similar course butpresenting an even inferior thickness.

There are also half bricks or anyway small bricks to facilitate thebrick annular course finishing as shown by the short dashes lines L inFIGS. 10 and 11.

FIGS. 12, 13, I4, 15 and 16 illustrate further modified types of bottombricks presenting particularly shaped faying surfaces.

All these types different from the types illustrated in FIG. I arecompleted with the edging and central bricks having flat verticalsurfaces equal to those illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5 but havingfaying surfaces differently shaped according to the features of the kindthey belong to. The wall bricks can be arranged as in fIG. 9, insuperimposed circular courses, and also, as usually happens, spirally.

In the latter case the series of bricks illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11are completed by a first and a last course consisting of differentlyhigh bricks.

Now after explaining the particular features of both the bottom and thewall bricks and their assembling instructions (that are several for thebottom), we examine the working of the ladles shielded with the liningconstituting the object of the present invention during the casting andthe following scum removal.

When the ladle is full of melted metal, as has already been mentioned,there is a melted metal penetration into the brick the brickinterstices, and the advantages offered by the bricks having bent oroblique surfaces compared with the flat bricks are two, i.e.:

inferior penetration owing to the direction change;

being the penetration power equal, there is an inferior average depth,as the contact line between two bricks is larger. Therefore even withthe penetration width equal, the depth reached by the metal is inferior.

For the ladle cleaning, after the casting that is carried out, as hasalready been explained, upside-down, the removal of the slags sunk intothe interstices causes also the removal of the bricks usuallymanufactured.

This cannot happen with the bricks constituting the object of thepresent invention, as in every brick, the bottom bricks through theoblique walls of parallelepiped 3 or the walls shaped as illustrated inFIGS. l2, l3, 14; 15 and 16 and the wall bricks through bent walls 4 and5 cannot come out from the adjacent bricks and therefore it cannot beremoved along with the tapping slags. Therefore the total integrity ofthe refractory lining after the cleaning operations is assured and thisallows the refractory lining a longer life.

Obviously the invention which has been described above as an embodimentand not a limitation may in practice undergo changes in the face tiltingand bending according to the particular ladle on which they arearranged, always remaining within the purpose of the following I claim:

1. A refractory lining suitable for use in a steel casting ladle,comprising at least one course of refractory bricks in side-bysiderelationship, each refractory brick having upper and lower rightparallelepipedal socles of equal size between which is a four-sidedmidpart, each of said sides of said midpart being oblique.

2. A brick according to claim 1, wherein each of said socles has a longside and a short side, the long sides of both socles being parallel toeach other, and the long side of the socle being twice the length of theshort side of the socle.

3. A refractory lining suitable for use in a steel casting ladle,comprising atleast one course of refractory bricks in side-bysiderelationship, each refractory brick having upper and lower rightparallelepipedal socles of unequal size'between which is a four-sidedmidpart, each of said sides of said midpart being oblique.

1. A refractory lining suitable for use in a steel casting ladle,comprising at least one course of refractory bricks in side-by-siderelationship, each refractory brick having upper and lower rightparallelepipedal socles of equal size between which is a four-sidedmidpart, each of said sides of said midpart being oblique.
 2. A brickaccording to claim 1, wherein each of said socles has a long side and ashort side, the long sides of both socles being parallel to each other,and the long side of the socle being twice the length of the short sideof the socle.
 3. A refractory lining suitable for use in a steel castingladle, comprising at least one course of refractory bricks inside-by-side relationship, each refractory brick having upper and lowerright parallelepipedal socles of unequal size between which is afour-sided midpart, each of said sides of said midpart being oblique. 4.A brick according to claim 3, wherein each of said socles has a longside and a short side, the long sides of both socles being parallel toeach other, and the long side of at least one socle being twice thelength of its short side.